I found this Info. on scale on the web thought it might be helpful . I have more on other types of pests will wait to see if the new growers are interested .

There are many types of Orchid pests.
INSECT PESTS:
Scale InsectsCoccoidea) Scale insects are serious pests of orchids. They are so different from the usual concept of insects that they are frequently mistaken for fungal growths. Scale insects are generally tiny inconspicuous animals that can be so numerous that they can cover the plants. They feed by means of their long stylets or mouthparts, causing the development of chlorotic arears wherever extraction of sap has occured. Heavily infested plants appear unhealthy, and frequently symptoms are more obvious than the scale insects themselves. The presence of ants on the plants may be an indication that a soft scale or mealybug infestation is present. Ants visit plants in search of honeydew, a sweetish liquid excreted by some scale insects. Honeydew is an excellent medium for sooty mold. Thus plants with ants and sooty mold on the leaves should be examined carefully for soft scale and/or mealybugs.

Armored ScalesDiaspididae) Armored scales are found on the leaf, rhizome or pseudobulbs. Their presence may be indicated by a yellowish discoloration of the leaves. Armored scales do not excrete honeydew. These insects secrete a waxy, hardened covering that is not part of the insects body. The armor is nonliving and composed of secreted waxes incorporated with nymphal cast skins. This protective covering may be circular, semi-circular, oblong, or pear shaped.

Boisduval ScaleDiaspis boisduvalii) The males of this scecies usually clusted together and give the appearance of a cottony mass on the leaf.
Florida Red ScaleChrysomphalus aonidum) The armor is usually reddish brown to almost black and the margin is somewhat ash gray.

Proteus ScaleParlatoria proteus) The armor is usually slightly convex and a brownish or greenish yellow with lighter margins.

Red Orchid ScaleFurcaspis biformis) The armor is usually circular, convex, dark reddish brown. Red Orchid scale is similar to Florida Red Scale, but the armor texture is much coarser in the former.

Vanda Orchid ScaleGenaparlatoria pseudaspidiotus) The armor is usually oval, convex, and dark brown, and is usually covered with a thin, waxy or dusty secretion.

Soft Scales:Coccidae) Soft scales are found on the leaf, rhizome or pseudobulbsThe soft scales do not have a detached protective armor like the hard scales. The body may be exposed or covered by soft wax, dull or glassy, clear or opaque, translucent or netlike, and variable in size and shape.

Brown Soft ScaleCoccus hesperidum) The armor is usually oval, flat to slightly convex. The color is usually a yellowish green or yellowish brown, ofter flecked with brown spots. Large quanities of honeydew are excreted.
Stellate ScaleVinsonia stellifera) This soft scale is star-shaped and soft bodied, resembling a miniture starfish. The convex, waxy, protective cover is glassy and semi-transparent. The rays become flattened at their extremes. They are usually pink to purplish red and darkens with age to a reddish brown. Gin